Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang data and VIP， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and cohort studies about aspirin （trial group） versus other anticoagulants （control group） were collected during the inception and June 1st， 2023. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， the meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included， involving 9 RCTs and 13 cohort studies. RCT results showed that the incidences of deep vein thrombosis （DVT） [RR＝1.81， 95%CI（1.36， 2.40）， P＜0.000 1] and postoperative pulmonary embolism （PE） [RR＝1.55， 95%CI（1.01， 2.40）， P＝0.05] in trial group were significantly higher than control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of postoperative massive bleeding， postoperative surgical site infection， all-cause death， or any bleeding after surgery between 2 groups. In the cohort study， the incidence of any bleeding in trial group was significantly lower than control group [RR＝0.71，95%CI （0.64， 0.79）， P＜0.000 1]， while the differences in other indicators were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. The results of subgroup analysis based on different anticoagulants showed that in RCT， the incidences of DVT and PE after surgery in patients using low-molecular-weight heparin （LMWH） were significantly lower than using aspirin （P＜0.05）； in the cohort study， the incidences of DVT and PE after surgery were significantly lower in patients using direct oral anticoagulants （DOAC） than using aspirin （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding between patients using aspirin and using DOAC and LWMH （P＞0.05） in both RCT and cohort study. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin is equally safe as other anticoagulants for the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery， but its efficacy may not be as good as other anticoagulants. After orthopedic surgery， other anticoagulants should be preferred to prevent venous thromboembolism， and aspirin should be carefully considered.

Protective effect and mechanism of AKAP1 on myocardial injury induced by highland hypobaric hypoxia / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and its possible mechanism of A-kinase anchored protein 1 (AKAP1) on the myocardial injury induced by highland hypobaric hypoxia. Methods: From January 2021 to May 2022, male C57BL/6 SPF grade mice were divided into wild type control (WT) group and highland hypobaric hypoxia (HH) group with 6 mice in each group. HH group simulated 6000 m altitude with low pressure oxygen chamber for 4 weeks to build the model. Primary myocardial cells of SD rats were divided into normoxia control group and hypoxia experimental group (n=3). Cell models were constructed in a three-gas hypoxia incubator with 1% oxygen concentration for 24 h. AKAP1 protein and mRNA expression in myocardial tissue and cells were detected by western blotting, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). After myocardial point injection of the AKAP1 or the control adenovirus, the mice were divided into 3 groups (n=6) : WT group, highland hypobaric hypoxia overexpression control group (HH+Ad-Ctrl group) and highland hypobaric hypoxia overexpression experimental group (HH+Ad-AKAP1 group). The cardiac function of mice was detected by noninvasive M-type ultrasonic cardiomotive, myocardial fibrosis was detected by Masson and Sirius Red staining, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was detected by wheat germ agglutinin. After the expression of AKAP1 in primary cardiomyocytes was downregulated by siRNA and upregulated by adenovirus, the cells were divided into three groups (n=3) : normoxia control group, hypoxia interference control group (hypoxia+siCtrl group), hypoxia AKAP1 knockdown group (hypoxia+siAKAP1 group) ; normoxia control group, hypoxia overexpression control group (hypoxia+Ad-Ctrl group), hypoxia AKAP1 overexpression group (hypoxia+Ad-AKAP1 group). Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, AKAP1, apoptosis-related protein and mRNA expression levels were detected by western blotting and qPCR, mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen specie (ROS) level was detected by MitoSOX. Results: The expression of AKAP1 in cardiac muscle of HH group was lower than that in the WT group, and the expression of AKAP1 in hypoxia experimental group was lower than that in normoxia control group (P<0.01). Compared with WT group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and fraction shortening of left ventricle in HH+Ad-Ctrl group were decreased (P<0.01), myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy were aggravated (P<0.01), and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) was decreased, the expressions of BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX), Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 were increased (P<0.01). After AKAP1 overexpression, compared with HH+Ad-Ctrl group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening were increased in HH+Ad-AKAP1 group (P<0.01), myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy were reduced (P<0.01), and the expression of BCL-2 was increased, the expressions of BAX, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with normoxia control group, the expression of BCL-2 in hypoxia+siCtrl group was decreased, the expressions of BAX, Caspase 3, Caspase 9 were increased, the apoptosis level was increased (P<0.01), the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and the production of ROS was increased (P<0.01). After AKAP1 knockdown, compared with hypoxia+siCtrl group, the expression of BCL-2 in hypoxia+siAKAP1 group was decreased, the expressions of BAX, Caspase 3, Caspase 9 were increased, the apoptosis level was increased (P<0.01), mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased, and the production of ROS was increased (P<0.01). After AKAP1 overexpression, compared with hypoxia+Ad-Ctrl group, the expression of BCL-2 in hypoxia+Ad-AKAP1 group was increased, the expressions of BAX, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 were decreased (P<0.05), the apoptosis level was decreased (P<0.01), and the mitochondrial membrane potential was enhanced, and the production of ROS was decreased (P<0.01) . Conclusion: The downregulation of AKAP1 in cardiomyocytes under highland hypobaric hypoxia may lead to the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and the increase of ROS generation, leading to the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and thus aggravating the myocardial injury at highland hypobaric hypoxia.

Concordance between three integrated scores based on prostate biopsy and grade-grouping of radical prostatectomy specimen / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To analyze three different integrated scoring schemes of prostate biopsy and to compare their concordance with the scoring of radical prostatectomy specimens. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 556 patients with radical prostatectomy performed in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China from 2017 to 2020. In these cases, whole organ sections were performed, the pathological data based on biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens were summarized, and 3 integrated scores of prostate biopsy were calculated, namely the global score, the highest score and score of the largest volume. Results: Among the 556 patients, 104 cases (18.7%) were classified as WHO/ISUP grade group 1, 227 cases (40.8%) as grade group 2 (3+4=7); 143 cases (25.7%) as grade group 3 (4+3=7); 44 cases (7.9%) as grade group 4 (4+4=8) and 38 cases (6.8%) as grade group 5. Among the three comprehensive scoring methods for prostate cancer biopsy, the consistency of global score was the highest (62.4%). In the correlation analysis, the correlation between the scores of radical specimens and the global scores was highest (R=0.730, P<0.01), while the correlations of the scores based on radical specimens with highest scores and scores of the largest volume based on biopsy were insignificant (R=0.719, P<0.01; R=0.631, P<0.01, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed tPSA group and the three integrated scores of prostate biopsy were statistically correlated with extraglandular invasion, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion and biochemical recurrence. Elevated global score was an independent prognostic risk factor for extraglandular invasion and biochemical recurrence in patients; increased serum tPSA was an independent prognostic risk factor for extraglandular invasion; increased hjighest score was an independent risk factor for perineural invasion. Conclusions: In this study, among the three different integrated scores, the overall score is most likely corresponded to the radical specimen grade group, but there is difference in various subgroup analyses. Integrated score of prostate biopsy can reflect grade group of radical prostatectomy specimens, thereby providing more clinical information for assisting in optimal patient management and consultation.

Automatic sleep staging algorithm for stochastic depth residual networks based on transfer learning / 生物医学工程学杂志

The existing automatic sleep staging algorithms have the problems of too many model parameters and long training time, which in turn results in poor sleep staging efficiency. Using a single channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, this paper proposed an automatic sleep staging algorithm for stochastic depth residual networks based on transfer learning (TL-SDResNet). Firstly, a total of 30 single-channel (Fpz-Cz) EEG signals from 16 individuals were selected, and after preserving the effective sleep segments, the raw EEG signals were pre-processed using Butterworth filter and continuous wavelet transform to obtain two-dimensional images containing its time-frequency joint features as the input data for the staging model. Then, a ResNet50 pre-trained model trained on a publicly available dataset, the sleep database extension stored in European data format (Sleep-EDFx) was constructed, using a stochastic depth strategy and modifying the output layer to optimize the model structure. Finally, transfer learning was applied to the human sleep process throughout the night. The algorithm in this paper achieved a model staging accuracy of 87.95% after conducting several experiments. Experiments show that TL-SDResNet50 can accomplish fast training of a small amount of EEG data, and the overall effect is better than other staging algorithms and classical algorithms in recent years, which has certain practical value.

Research progress in 2023 ASCO-GU prostate cancer / 现代泌尿外科杂志

The 2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers Symposium unveiled numerous research advances which provide meaningful insights into the selection of treatment regimens of prostate cancer. Precision multi-treatment based on patients’ characteristics has become the predominant approach, including the use of a three-drug combination therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitor therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nuclear medicine therapy and radiotherapy are also receiving significant attention. Integrated nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy show immense potential for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Additionally, for localized prostate cancer, stereotactic body radiotherapy is a preferred alternative to surgery. This article sheds light on several key studies presented at the conference, focuses on prostate cancer treatment at different stages, and intends to enhance the therapeutic outcome for prostate cancer patients.

Study on influencing factors associated with the analysis of 226Ra gamma spectra / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To measure the influencing factors associated with the analysis of 226Ra gamma spectra in order to obtain more acurate and precise measuring result on a basis of further optimizing the gamma spectrometry method for 226Ra activity. Methods:A laboratory-based HPGe gamma spectrometer was used to carry out the studies on tracking measurement of sample sealing time, measurement of background fluctuation with lead shielding, analytical method, and selection of characteristic gamma ray energy peak of its daughter nuclides in 226Ra measurement. Results:After the sample was sealed for 12 d, the decay products of 226Ra- 222Rn basically reached equilibrium. The day and night fluctuations of 222Rn in the shielded lead room were obvious but had no obvious regularity. The way of filling nitrogen into the shielded lead room could reduce or avoid the influence of background fluctuations. For 31 soil samples measured after 23 days of sealing, the result of using the efficiency curve method showed that the 226Ra result calculated from the 351.9 keV energy peak were generally higher than the 609.3 keV energy peak, and the higher ratio ranged from 8.0% to 20.7%. The result of relative comparison method showed that the deviation ratio of the two peaks ranged from -4.1 % to 10.3 %. Conclusions:It is recommended to consider the uncertainty attributed from decay equilibrium about 4 % of measured at 12 d after the sample is sealed. When filling nitrogen through the shielded lead chamber to avoid background fluctuations, attention must be paid to the matching relationship between the volume of the lead chamber and the nitrogen filling flow. When the efficiency curve method is used to analyze the activity of 226Ra, the 214Bi ( 609.3 keV ) energy peak has the effect of cascade coincidence addition, so 214Bi(609.3 keV) energy peak should be avoided. When the relative comparison method is used to analyze the activity of 226Ra, both two energy peaks of 214Pb ( 351.9 keV ) and 214Bi ( 609.3 keV ) can be used.

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder in the elderly (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

Periarticular fracture of the shoulder is a common type of fractures in the elderly. Postoperative adverse events such as internal fixation failure, humeral head ischemic necrosis and upper limb dysfunction occur frequently, which seriously endangers the exercise and health of the elderly. Compared with the fracture with normal bone mass, the osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder is complicated with slow healing and poor rehabilitation, so the clinical management becomes more difficult. At present, there is no targeted guideline or consensus for this type of fracture in China. In such context, experts from Youth Osteoporosis Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Osteoporosis Group of Youth Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine developed the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder in the elderly ( version 2023). Nine recommendations were put forward from the aspects of diagnosis, treatment strategies and rehabilitation of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder, hoping to promote the standardized, systematic and personalized diagnosis and treatment concept and improve functional outcomes and quality of life in elderly patients with osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder.

Application of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in elderly patients with native pure aortic regurgitation / 中国医师杂志

Objective:This study sought to investigate the feasibility, anatomical indications and operating points of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure in the treatment of pure aortic regurgitation (AR).Methods:The medical records of 4 elderly patients with pure AR who were treated in the cardiology department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were implanted with self-expandable valve stents via peripheral artery approach for TAVR treatment. The feasibility, anatomical indications and key points of TAVR were analyzed.Results:The 4 patients with pure AR who were carefully screened had an average age of 66 years, and all achieved TAVR treatment success without serious perioperative complications and death. Postoperative examination and follow-up data showed that cardiac functions and cardiac remodeling indexes were significantly improved.Conclusions:This exploratory study shows that TAVR is technically feasible and effective treatment option for selected elderly patients with native pure AR, which is worthy of further study.

Effect of early tracheoscopic treatment on patients with aspiration pneumoni / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of early bronchoalveolar lavage on patients with aspiration pneumonia.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 55 patients with aspiration pneumonia who met inclusion criteria but not exclusion criteria in the Intensive Care Department of our hospital from January 2020 to April 2021. The patients were divided into the control group (32 cases) and the bronchoscopic lavage group (23 cases) according to whether they received bronchoscopic lavage within 24 h after aspiration. Basic information (sex, age, body mass index, chest X-ray score, oxidation index, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, white blood cells, PCT, IL-6, CPR and APACHE Ⅱ score), etiology changes at the early stage (≤ 3 d) and later stage (4-7 d after admission), and changes in prognostic indexes (mechanical ventilation time, length of ICU stay, length of stay and mortality) were compared between the two groups. The clinical efficacy of early endoscopy lavage for aspiration pneumonia was evaluated.Results:The positive rate of early etiological culture was 85.2%, the bacterial positive rate was 72.9% and the fungal positive rate was 14.6%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 20.8%, Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 14.6%, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus accounted for 12.5%, and there was no significant difference in the distribution between the bronchoscopic lavage group and the control group (all P>0.05). The positive rate of late etiological culture was 88.6%, the bacterial positive rate was 85.7% and the fungal positive rate was 2.9%. The positive rate of late bacterial culture was significantly decreased in the bronchoscopic lavage group ( P < 0.05), and the other results were not significantly different from the control group (all P>0.05). After early bronchoscopic lavage, the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay and length of stay were significantly shortened, and the fifth day CPIS score was significantly decreased (all P< 0.05). Conclusions:Early endotracheal lavage can reduce mechanical ventilation time, length of ICU stay and length of stay of aspiration pneumonia, and reduce the positive rate of bacterial culture in the lung at the later stage, which needs to be further verified by a large randomized controlled study.

Change in occupational internal dose coefficients for radiation workers / 中国辐射卫生

Objective@#To explore the effect of change in occupational internal dose coefficients on estimation of the in- ternal exposure dose of radiation workers.@*Methods@#Forty-one radionuclides were selected as the research objects, and their new and old occupational internal dose coefficients were summarized. The change in internal dose coefficients was analyzed by calculating the ratios of dose coefficients and using the frequency distribution of ratios.@*Results@#The occupational in- ternal dose coefficients of the 41 radionuclides analyzed had all changed, with ratios ranging from 0.1 to 4.5, and the maxim- um difference reaching 10 times (when the ratio was equal to 0.1).@*Conclusion@#It is recommended to revise the national standards concerning occupational internal dose coefficients in time and update the occupational internal dose coefficients, so as to better monitor the occupational health of radiation workers.

Discussion on dose estimation methods for internal exposure to tritiumm / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To discuss the selection of dose estimation methods for internal exposure to tritium, their applicable working scenarios, and accurate dose estimation. <b>Methods</b> We compared the process and formula of two methods of urine tritium concentration monitoring in estimating the committed effective dose, explained the limitations of the atmospheric tritium concentration monitoring method, and compared the three methods from the aspects of the application scope and measurement methods. <b>Results</b> The atmospheric tritium concentration monitoring and urine tritium concentration monitoring methods provided opposite results of the magnitude of the committed effective doses for persons 3 and 10. The mean of the absolute values of the percentages by which <i>E</i>(<i>τ</i>)₁values were higher than <i>E</i>(<i>τ</i>)₃values was 29.6%, and that of <i>E</i>(<i>τ</i>)₂ higher than <i>E</i>(<i>τ</i>)₃was 72.4%. The consistency between the reference man-based tritium dose estimation method and the atmospheric tritium concentration monitoring method was better. The atmospheric tritium concentration monitoring method tended to underestimate the committed effective dose of tritium. <b>Conclusion</b> We suggest urine tritium concentration monitoring for estimating the committed effective dose, rather than atmospheric tritium concentration monitoring. The use of the reference man-based tritium dose estimation method or urine tritium activity concentration integration method should be based on individual metabolic conditions, working environment, and intake time, and urine sampling should be on time and repeated for monitoring..

Single-channel electroencephalogram signal used for sleep state recognition based on one-dimensional width kernel convolutional neural networks and long-short-term memory networks / 生物医学工程学杂志

Aiming at the problem that the unbalanced distribution of data in sleep electroencephalogram(EEG) signals and poor comfort in the process of polysomnography information collection will reduce the model's classification ability, this paper proposed a sleep state recognition method using single-channel EEG signals (WKCNN-LSTM) based on one-dimensional width kernel convolutional neural networks(WKCNN) and long-short-term memory networks (LSTM). Firstly, the wavelet denoising and synthetic minority over-sampling technique-Tomek link (SMOTE-Tomek) algorithm were used to preprocess the original sleep EEG signals. Secondly, one-dimensional sleep EEG signals were used as the input of the model, and WKCNN was used to extract frequency-domain features and suppress high-frequency noise. Then, the LSTM layer was used to learn the time-domain features. Finally, normalized exponential function was used on the full connection layer to realize sleep state. The experimental results showed that the classification accuracy of the one-dimensional WKCNN-LSTM model was 91.80% in this paper, which was better than that of similar studies in recent years, and the model had good generalization ability. This study improved classification accuracy of single-channel sleep EEG signals that can be easily utilized in portable sleep monitoring devices.

Anticoagulant effectiveness and safety of new oral anticoagulants versus warfarin after heart valve replacement ： a meta-analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To compare the anticoagulant effectiveness and safety of new oral anticoagulants （NOACs）and warfarin after heart valve replacement ，and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug use. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed，Cochrane Library ，Embase，Web of Science ，CNKI，Wanfang database and VIP ，clinical studies about the use of NOACs versus warfarin after heart valve replacement were collected during the inception to July 2021. After literature screening and data extrac tion，the quality of included randomized controlled trials （RCTs）were evaluat ed by bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.2.0. After the quality of the included cohort studies was evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa scale （NOS），RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS A E-mail：carolmeng_0813@163.com total of 9 studies involving 4 962 patients were included ，of which 7 were RCTs and 2 were cohort studie s. Results of meta-analysis showed that after biological valve replacement/repair ，the incidence of stroke and systemic embolism （SSE）[OR＝0.71，95％CI（0.52，0.97），P＝0.03]，major bleeding [OR ＝0.40，95％CI （0.30，0.54），P＜0.000 01] and intracranial hemorrhage [OR ＝0.20，95％CI（0.04，0.95），P＝0.04] in trial group were significantly lower than warfarin group ；there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between 2 groups [OR ＝1.25，95％CI（0.88， 1.79），P＝0.22]. After mechanical valve replacement/repair ，there were no significant difference in the incidence of SSE [OR ＝1.52， 95％CI（0.04，60.29），P＝0.82] or all-cause mortality [OR ＝0.26，95％CI（0.04，1.84），P＝0.18] between 2 groups. The results of subgroup analysis according to the follow-up time showed that after biological valve replacement/repair ，the incidence of SSE in trial group was significantly lower than that in control group when the follow-up time was ≤3 months [OR ＝0.20，95％CI（0.06， 0.74），P＝0.03]；but there was no significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding between 2 groups [OR ＝0.67，95％CI （0.19，2.38），P＝0.53]；when the follow-up time was longer than 3 months，there was no statistical significance in the incidence of SSE between 2 groups [OR ＝0.74，95％CI（0.54，1.02），P＝0.07]，while the incidence of major bleeding in trial group was significantly lower than control group [OR ＝0.39，95％CI（0.29，0.52），P＜0.001]. Subgroup analysis by study type showed that after biological valve replacement/repair ，the incidence of SSE in the RCT in trial group was significantly lower than that in control group [OR ＝0.51，95％CI（0.29，0.92），P＝0.03]，but there was no significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding between 2 groups[OR＝0.58，95％CI（0.33，1.03），P＝0.06]. In cohort study ，there was no significant difference in the incidence of SSE between 2 groups [OR ＝1.03，95％CI（0.40，2.66），P＝0.95]，while the incidence of major bleeding in trial group was significantly lower than control group [OR ＝0.20，95％CI（0.06，0.74），P＜0.001]. Sensitivity analysis results showed that the results of the above-mentioned meta-analysis were relatively robust. CONCLUSIONS For the patients underwent biological valve replacement/repair，the effectiveness and safety of NOACs are better than or similar to those of warfarin ；for the patients underwent mechanical valve replacement/repair ，there is no significant difference in the effectiveness and safety between NOACs and warfarin.

Application of sourceless efficiency calibration in activity measurement of gas source in Marinelli beaker / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To optimize the Marinelli beaker with the simulation of Laboratory Sourceless Object Calibration Software (LabSOCS), to investigate the detection efficiency of HPGe detector in measuring noble gas, and to provide a reference for the measurement and optimization of noble gas effluent from nuclear power plants. Methods LabSOCS was used to establish a Marinelli beaker model to investigate the relationship of gamma ray detection efficiency of noble gas with gas components, gas density, size and volume of the Marinelli beaker, and the shape of source container. Results The gas components had little effect on the detection efficiency of the noble gas in the Marinelli beaker. The gas density had a relatively great effect on the detection efficiency of low-energy gamma ray. The Marinelli beaker of appropriate height and radius enabled the HPGe detector to get better measurement results. For the BE5030 HPGe detector, the highest detection efficiency of the Marinelli beakers of different volumes were observed at the location where the radius/height ratio was 0.7, and the optimal values of height and radius were given for the Marinelli beakers of different volumes. Conclusion Choosing Marinelli beaker of the appropriate size can improve the detection efficiency of noble gas in the effluent from nuclear power plants.

Pathological features related to onco-immunity and their clinical significance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the tumor immunity-related pathologic features and clinical significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: All pathologic materials and clinical information of 192 PDAC patients from the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from January 2010 to December 2020 were collected. The onco-immune microenvironment associated morphologic features were evaluated, and MHC-Ⅰ, PD-L1, CD3, and CD8 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then the correlation between the factors and their influence on prognosis was analyzed. Results: There were 163 cases of non-specific adenocarcinoma (163/192, 84.90%), 18 cases of adeno-squamous carcinoma (18/192, 9.37%), and 11 cases of other rare subtypes (11/192, 5.73%). Perineural invasion was observed in 110 cases (110/192, 57.29%) and vascular invasion in 86 cases (86/192, 44.79%). There were 84 cases (84/182, 46.15%) with severe chronic inflammation. Tumor infiltrating immune cell numbers (TII-N) were increased in 52 cases (52/192, 27.08%). Lymphocytes and plasma cells were the main infiltrating immune cells in 60 cases (60/192, 31.25%), whereas in 34 cases (34/192, 17.71%) the tumors were mainly infiltrated by granulocytes, and 98 cases (98/192, 51.04%) showed mixed infiltration. CD3+T cells were deficient in 124 cases (124/192, 66.31%). CD8+T cells were deficient in 152 cases (152/192, 79.58%). MHC-Ⅰ expression was down-regulated in 156 cases (156/192, 81.25%), and PD-L1 was positive (CPS≥1) in 46 cases (46/192, 23.96%). Statistical analysis showed that TII-N was negatively correlated with vascular invasion (P=0.035), perineural invasion (P=0.002), stage (P=0.004) and long-term alcohol consumption (P=0.039). The type of immune cells correlated positively with chronic pancreatic inflammation (P=0.002), and negatively with tumor differentiation (P=0.024). CD8+T cells were positively correlated with CD3+T cells (P=0.032), MHC-Ⅰ expression (P<0.001) and PD-L1 expression (P=0.001), and negatively correlated with long-term smoking (P=0.016). Univariate analysis showed that histological nonspecific type (P=0.013) and TII-N (P<0.001) were the factors for good prognosis. Vascular invasion (P=0.032), perineural invasion (P=0.001), high stage (P=0.003) and long-term alcohol consumption (P=0.004) were adverse prognostic factors. COX multivariate risk analysis found that TII-N was an independent favorable factor for PDAC, while perineural invasion was an independent adverse risk factor. Conclusions: TII-N is an independent superior prognostic factor for PDAC, and significantly correlated with many factors; chronic alcohol consumption and smoking may inhibit onco-immunity in PDAC patients.

Expert consensus on diagnosis, prevention and treatment of perioperative lower extremity vein thrombosis in orthopedic trauma patients (2022 edition) / 中华创伤杂志

Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the main complications in patients with traumatic fractures, and for severe patients, the DVT can even affect arterial blood supply, resulting in insufficient limb blood supply. If the thrombus breaks off, pulmonary embolism may occur, with a high mortality. The treatment and rehabilitation strategies of thrombosis in patients with lower extremity fractures have its particularity. DVT in traumatic fractures patients has attracted extensive attention and been largely studied, and the measures for prevention and treatment of DVT are constantly developing. In recent years, a series of thrombosis prevention and treatment guidelines have been updated at home and abroad, but there are still many doubts about the prevention and treatment of DVT in patients with different traumatic fractures. Accordingly, on the basis of summarizing the latest evidence-based medical evidence at home and abroad and the clinical experience of the majority of experts, the authors summarize the clinical treatment and prevention protocols for DVT in patients with traumatic fractures, and make this consensus on the examination and assessment, treatment, prevention and preventive measures for DVT in patients with different fractures so as to provide a practicable approach suitable for China ′s national conditions and improve the prognosis and the life quality of patients.

Influencing factors of early mortality after heart transplantation and constructing a prediction model / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the risk factors for early mortality in heart transplant(HT)recipients and construct a nomogram prediction model.Methods:From 2018 to 2022, preoperative clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 163 consecutive HT recipients.Risk factor variables were shortlisted by univariate correlation analysis based upon early(90-day)postoperative patient survival.Lasso regression was then employed for screening all variables and common variables were combined.A nomogram was constructed for predicting the probability of early mortality after considering actual circumstance.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, area under the ROC curve(AUC), Harrell's C-index and calibration curves were employed for evaluating and internally validate the performance of the model.Decision curve analysis was performed for assessing clinical utility of the model.Results:In survival and mortality groups, mechanical ventilation, nervous system lesions, use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, red blood cell count ≤3.52×10 12/L, mean pulmonary arterial pressure>27 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance>4.01 Wood Unit, albumin≤33 g/L, aspartate aminotransferase >50 U/L, hemoglobin ≤108 g/L, platelet count ≤109×10 9/L and total bilirubin>57 μmol/L demonstrated statistically significant differences( P<0.05). At the same time, according to actual situations and different variables, hemoglobin ≤108 g/L, albumin ≤33 g/L, platelet count ≤109×10 9/L, total bilirubin>57μmol/L, aspartate aminotransferase>50 U/L, nervous system lesions and average pulmonary arterial pressure >27 mmHg were seven variables.And a nomogram with relatively high reliability was constructed for predicting the probability of early mortality post-HT(nomogram model evaluation, AUC 0.917, C index 0.910 and good calibration curve). Decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram could benefit HT recipients. Conclusions:Risk factors have been identified for early mortality in HT recipients.And the nomogram prediction model offers a simple and reliable tool for predicting early mortality post-HT.It has important implications for individualized treatment of HT candidates.

Understanding of the relations of metabolic syndromes and abnormal Bianzheng based on the physiological characteristics of the liver and spleen in children / 国际中医中药杂志

Bianzheng was a special gasification law, closely related to metabolism Physiologically. The children's Bianzheng was the internal basis for sound physical and mental development and the dynamic balance of the five internal organs. As to the pathology, children's Bianzheng disorders had an adverse effect on the body. The ancient books found that children's Bianzheng disorders were closely related to the dysfunction of liver and spleen. It was manifested as malnutrition, developmental disorders, and even metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The principle of soothing the liver, relieving depression and strengthening the spleen were proposed to treat the metabolic syndrome, in order to enrich the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theoretical understanding of the metabolic syndrome. The prevention and treatment ideas provide theoretical reference.

A new γ-valerolactone derivative from the roots of Ardisia crispa / 药学学报

Four compounds were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of Ardisia crispa by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated based on physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. These compounds were defined as crispalactone A (1), (+)-pinoresinol (2), 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and (+)-schizandriside (4). Compound 1 is a new γ-valerolactone derivative, and compounds 2-4 are firstly isolated from Ardisia crispa.